What is Television X-Radiation?

We are constantly exposed to radiation, both natural (background radiation from the earth and cosmos) and man-made (from electronic products like x-ray machines, televisions, microwave ovens, radar devices, and lasers). While some man-made radiation is intentional and beneficial (like diagnostic x-rays), some, like that from televisions, is unintentional and not necessary for the product’s function.

Televisions, specifically those with cathode ray tubes (CRTs), can potentially produce x-rays. High voltage accelerates electrons within the CRT, and when these electrons strike an obstacle, x-rays can be generated. These x-rays might escape the television, posing a potential hazard. This unintentional emission needs to be controlled.

While scientists haven’t linked specific health problems to prolonged exposure to very low doses of radiation, the current assumption is that there’s no safe threshold for x-ray exposure. Therefore, minimizing x-radiation from TVs and other electronics is crucial. The Radiation Control for Health and Safety Act of 1968 (now part of the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act) addresses this concern. Most televisions don’t emit measurable radiation, and there’s no evidence of TV radiation causing human injury.

The FDA, through its Center for Devices and Radiological Health, sets and enforces safety standards for electronic products to ensure public safety. A 1969 Federal standard limits TV x-ray emissions to 0.5 milliroentgen per hour (mR/hr), applying to all TVs manufactured after January 15, 1970. This standard ensures that even under strenuous testing conditions (not reflecting typical use), TVs don’t emit hazardous levels of x-radiation.

Manufacturers of CRT televisions and computer monitors must certify their products meet the standard (Title 21 of the Code of Federal Regulations, Part 1020.10). They must submit reports to the FDA detailing their quality control, testing procedures, and radiation safety design. They also maintain records of test data and provide annual summaries to the FDA. The FDA can request data and test results to ensure compliance. Imported TVs not meeting the standard are barred from entry into the US.

Manufacturers use safety mechanisms like electronic hold-down circuits and regulated power supplies to control x-ray emissions. Due to the FDA standard and modern technology, x-radiation from properly functioning CRT TVs and monitors is well managed and doesn’t present a public health risk. The FDA hasn’t found TVs violating the standard under normal home use.

Furthermore, flat-panel TVs using Liquid Crystal Displays (LCD) or Plasma displays don’t emit x-radiation. These TVs aren’t subject to the FDA standard and pose no radiation hazard. This technological advancement further mitigates concerns about television x-radiation exposure.