The First Presidential Debate on Television: A Surprising History

The 1960 Kennedy-Nixon debate is often cited as the first televised presidential debate. However, the first presidential debate to grace television screens actually occurred four years earlier, in 1956. While not featuring the presidential candidates themselves, this groundbreaking event showcased two prominent women: Eleanor Roosevelt, former First Lady and Democratic Party icon, and Senator Margaret Chase Smith, a rising Republican star.

A Pioneering Moment for Women in Politics

The 1956 debate, aired on CBS’s “Face the Nation,” marked a significant milestone. Not only was it the First Presidential Debate On Television, but it was also the first time a woman appeared on the program. Eleanor Roosevelt, a powerful advocate for Adlai Stevenson’s Democratic candidacy, was already a well-known figure. Senator Smith, in her second term and gaining national recognition for challenging Senator Joseph McCarthy, represented the Republican incumbent, President Dwight D. Eisenhower. Both women were considered leading figures of their time and frequently ranked among America’s most admired women. This debate provided a platform for their political prowess and solidified their roles as pioneers in the evolving landscape of televised political discourse.

The Debate: Style and Substance

The debate unfolded just two days before the 1956 election, primarily focusing on foreign policy. Senator Smith, aware of Roosevelt’s formidable reputation, adopted a strategic approach. She meticulously planned her appearance, opting for a style that contrasted with Roosevelt’s more grandmotherly image. Recognizing the importance of a strong closing statement, Smith negotiated for a two-minute segment, a decision that would prove pivotal. Throughout the debate, Smith remained composed and concise, allowing Roosevelt to dominate the airtime. However, Smith’s reserved demeanor shifted dramatically during her closing remarks. She delivered a sharp, forceful summation of key issues, a stark contrast to her earlier restrained tone. This unexpected shift surprised and reportedly angered Roosevelt, who refused to shake Smith’s hand afterward.

A Precursor to the Televised Debate Era

While public opinion on the debate’s winner remained divided, one outcome was clear: Margaret Chase Smith demonstrated her intellectual acuity, articulate communication, and understanding of the power of television. This experience proved invaluable. In 1960, when she sought re-election to the Senate, Smith participated in one of the first televised senatorial debates. By the time Kennedy and Nixon faced off in their historic televised encounter, Smith was already a seasoned veteran of the medium, underscoring the significance of the 1956 debate as a pivotal moment in the evolution of American political campaigning. This often overlooked event not only marked the first presidential debate on television but also foreshadowed the crucial role television would play in future elections.