Presidential Debates on Television: A Historical Perspective

The 1960 Kennedy-Nixon debates are often cited as the first nationally televised presidential debates. However, this overlooks a significant event four years earlier. In 1956, the first televised presidential debate took place, featuring two women: Eleanor Roosevelt, representing the Democratic candidate Adlai Stevenson, and Senator Margaret Chase Smith, representing the incumbent Republican President Dwight Eisenhower.

The First Televised Presidential Debate: Roosevelt vs. Smith

This groundbreaking debate occurred on November 4, 1956, on the CBS program Face the Nation. It marked the first time a woman appeared on the show and predated the famous Kennedy-Nixon encounters. While Stevenson and Eisenhower themselves didn’t participate, the debate between their surrogates offered a unique political spectacle. Eleanor Roosevelt, former First Lady and a prominent Democratic figure, was already a well-known public speaker. Senator Smith, a rising star in the Republican party, was a respected figure in her second term.

The Background of the Participants

By 1956, both women were highly influential and frequently listed among America’s most admired women. Roosevelt, a seasoned political player, was instrumental in Stevenson’s nomination and proved a skilled campaigner. Smith had gained national attention for challenging Senator Joseph McCarthy, serving on the Armed Services Committee, and securing a decisive re-election in 1954. Her political acumen and strong debating skills made her the ideal choice to represent the Republican Party against Roosevelt.

The Debate Format and Strategies

The debate primarily focused on foreign policy, reflecting the key concerns of the era. Recognizing the power of television, Smith meticulously prepared. She strategically chose her wardrobe and hairstyle, aiming to contrast with Roosevelt’s image. She adopted a reserved, concise speaking style, allowing Roosevelt to dominate the initial exchanges. However, Smith secured a crucial two-minute closing statement, where she delivered a sharp, impactful summary of key issues.

The Outcome and Lasting Impact

The debate’s impact was significant. While public opinion on the winner was divided, Smith’s performance demonstrated her intellectual prowess and television savvy. This experience proved invaluable. In 1960, when she ran for re-election to the Senate, Smith participated in one of the first televised senatorial debates. By the time Kennedy and Nixon faced off on screen, Smith was already a seasoned veteran of televised political debates, underscoring her pioneering role in this evolving form of political communication.

The Legacy of the 1956 Debate

The 1956 debate between Roosevelt and Smith serves as a reminder that the history of Presidential Debates On Television is richer and more complex than often acknowledged. It highlights the significant contributions of women in shaping political discourse and demonstrates the enduring power of televised debates in American politics. This often-overlooked event played a crucial role in paving the way for the televised presidential debates that have become a cornerstone of modern election campaigns.